{"id":1319,"date":"2011-11-01T08:00:45","date_gmt":"2011-11-01T00:00:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.jeffangiegoh.com\/?p=1319"},"modified":"2022-04-07T19:32:20","modified_gmt":"2022-04-07T11:32:20","slug":"43-iconium-and-the-priestless-church","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.jeffangiegoh.com\/?p=1319","title":{"rendered":"43. Iconium and the Priestless Church"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Reflections on a Pilgrimage to Turkey [10]<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;<span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>Now at Iconium they entered together into the Jewish synagogue, and so spoke that a great company believed, both of Jews and of Greeks<\/strong>.<span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8221; [<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Acts 14:1<span style=\"color: #000000;\">]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.jeffangiegoh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/07\/St-Paul-Icon-2.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1322\" title=\"St Paul Icon 2\" src=\"http:\/\/www.jeffangiegoh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/07\/St-Paul-Icon-2-261x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"241\" height=\"277\" \/>\u00a0<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/www.jeffangiegoh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/07\/St-Thecla.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1323\" title=\"St Thecla\" src=\"http:\/\/www.jeffangiegoh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/07\/St-Thecla-234x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"216\" height=\"277\" \/><\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.jeffangiegoh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/Image2.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1347\" title=\"Image2\" src=\"http:\/\/www.jeffangiegoh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/Image2-300x220.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"377\" height=\"276\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">[1] St Paul icon. [2]\u00a0<a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jeffangiegoh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/07\/St-Paul-Icon-2.jpg\">St Thecla, the First Female Evangelist, a contemporary of St Paul, and the First Virgin Martyr. [3]\u00a0<\/a><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jeffangiegoh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/07\/St-Paul-Icon-2.jpg\">Grotto of St Paul with the wall paintings of Paul and Thecla, 6th century.<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Our visit to Iconium was interesting but sad.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Iconium [Konya in Turkish] is a city in the <a style=\"color: #000000;\" title=\"Central Anatolia Region\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_Anatolia_Region\">Central Anatolia Region<\/a> of <a style=\"color: #000000;\" title=\"Turkey\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkey\">Turkey<\/a>. With a population of just over a million people within its metropolitan area, <a style=\"color: #000000;\" title=\"Konya Province\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Konya_Province\">Konya <\/a>is the <a style=\"color: #000000;\" title=\"List of cities in Turkey\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_cities_in_Turkey\">seventh most populous city in Turkey.<\/a> And yet, it is a city without a Christian community.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Christian History<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It was sad, considering the original missionary effort of Paul and <a style=\"color: #000000;\" title=\"Barnabas\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barnabas\">Barnabas<\/a> who preached in Iconium during the First Missionary Journey in about 47-48 AD (see <a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"http:\/\/bibref.hebtools.com\/?book=%20Acts&amp;verse=14:1-5&amp;src=NIV\">Acts 14:1-5<\/a> and <a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"http:\/\/bibref.hebtools.com\/?book=%20Acts&amp;verse=14:21&amp;src=NIV\">Acts 14:21<\/a>). Paul and <a style=\"color: #000000;\" title=\"Silas\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Silas\">Silas<\/a> probably visited it again during the Second Missionary Journey in about 50 AD (see <a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"http:\/\/bibref.hebtools.com\/?book=%20Acts&amp;verse=16:2&amp;src=NIV\">Acts 16:2<\/a>). In Christian legend, it was also the birthplace of <a style=\"color: #000000;\" title=\"Thecla\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thecla\">Saint Thecla<\/a>, a very interesting figure to study in conjunction with women\u2019s ministry during the time of St Paul. During the <a style=\"color: #000000;\" title=\"Byzantine Empire\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Byzantine_Empire\">Byzantine Empire<\/a>, <a style=\"color: #000000;\" title=\"Arab people\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arab_people\">Arab<\/a> invaders had repeatedly destroyed the town between the <a style=\"color: #000000;\" title=\"Umayyad Caliphate\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Umayyad_Caliphate\">7th<\/a> and <a style=\"color: #000000;\" title=\"Abbasid Caliphate\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abbasid_Caliphate\">9th<\/a> centuries.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Saint Thecla of Iconium<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Thecla was a <a style=\"color: #000000;\" title=\"Saint\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saint\">saint<\/a> of the <a style=\"color: #000000;\" title=\"Early Christian\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Early_Christian\">early Christian<\/a> Church, and a follower of Saint <a style=\"color: #000000;\" title=\"Paul of Tarsus\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paul_of_Tarsus\">Paul<\/a>. She is not mentioned in the <a style=\"color: #000000;\" title=\"New Testament\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Testament\">New Testament<\/a>, but the earliest record of her comes from the <a style=\"color: #000000;\" title=\"Apocrypha\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apocrypha\">apocryphal<\/a> <em><a style=\"color: #000000;\" title=\"Acts of Paul and Thecla\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Acts_of_Paul_and_Thecla\">Acts of Paul and Thecla<\/a><\/em>, a document of the 2nd century.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Out of the living tradition of the early church to the present, the following records have captured our interest:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Thecla, raised in a wealthy pagan family in Iconium, was very well-educated in the pagan philosophy and poetry, and promised to Thamyris, a pagan prince, for marriage at the age of 18. She converted to <a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.newadvent.org\/cathen\/03712a.htm\">Christianity<\/a> through Paul\u2019s preaching, renounced marriage and devoted her life as a virgin for Christ.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">By two miracles, she was saved from certain death. First, Paul was ordered to be scourged and banished from the city of Iconium for his teaching, and Thecla was ordered burned to death. But a storm providentially extinguished the flames, and she escaped with Paul and went with him to Antioch in Pisidia. Second, in Pisidia she was thrown to the wild beasts and was again saved from death by a <a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.newadvent.org\/cathen\/10338a.htm\">miracle<\/a>. After this she went to Myra where the Apostle was, and finally to Seleucia where she lived and died a hermitess.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">She was the first woman evangelist and labored in the work of Christian mission, having been encouraged by St. Paul to proclaim the Gospel.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">On the walls of the Grotto of St Paul in Ephesus, there are paintings of Paul and Thecla portrayed side by side. These images have generated a great deal of interest. In his book <em>In Search of Paul<\/em>, John Dominic Crossan reports that both images are of the same height, meaning that they were of equal importance. Both have their right hands raised in the teaching gesture, meaning that both were of equal authority. But, the image of Paul is untouched, while Thecla&#8217;s image has been disfigured. The eyes are scratched out and the upraised right hand has been erased. To the original creators, Thecla and Paul were equally authoritative. To those who later vandalized the images, we easily see the narrow-minded spirit of intolerance in which\u00a0 only the male could be apostolic and authoritative. Consequently, the female image has been blinded and silenced. Reflections on the New Testament, too, often bring up stories of Jesus empowering and upholding the apostolate of women in the midst of male discontent. Christians who have mothers and sisters, wives and daughters need to seriously face a question of fundamental human dignity and justice: How do they really treat women in their lives, at home, in church, in society? Are women less clean, less worthy, less equal than men?<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In the <a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.newadvent.org\/cathen\/05230a.htm\">Eastern Church<\/a> the wide circulation of the Acts of Paul and Thecla led to a great veneration of Thecla. She was called &#8220;Apostle and protomartyr among <a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.newadvent.org\/cathen\/15687b.htm\">women<\/a>&#8220;. Not only was the veneration of her especially great in a number of Oriental cities, but her popularity \u00a0appeared very early also in Western <a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.newadvent.org\/cathen\/05607b.htm\">Europe<\/a>. Parishes are named after her in the West.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The <a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.newadvent.org\/cathen\/06752a.htm\">Greek Church<\/a> celebrates her <a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.newadvent.org\/cathen\/06021b.htm\">feast<\/a> on 24 September and gives her the title of &#8220;Protomartyr among women and equal to the Apostles&#8221;. In the Western Church, her feast day is 23 September \u2013 the First Virgin Martyr.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"> <strong>Our Quiet Mass<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">We celebrated Mass at a small Catholic Church in Iconium, run by two religious sisters from Italy. The church is not serving a living Christian community, for no such community exists. It does not have a resident priest, but the church is useful for pilgrims who are warmly welcomed to use it for Christian services.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jeffangiegoh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/Iconium.Catholic-Church.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1328\" title=\"Iconium.Catholic Church\" src=\"http:\/\/www.jeffangiegoh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/Iconium.Catholic-Church-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"752\" height=\"501\" \/><\/a> The altarpiece in the Catholic Church, Iconium. Photo \u00a9 Teresa Sim.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">We had some conversation with the two Religious Sisters. Of particular interest was the altarpiece in the church which shows a few features in the Last Supper quite unfamiliar to what we have been accustomed to seeing in the Western Church.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">If one of the interesting things people do when they look at an artistic representation of the Last Supper is to identify Christ, Peter, John and Judas, that task is not at all difficult here. Jesus is at the head of the table on the left, while Peter is seated directly opposite him. John is the young man immediately next to Christ. Judas is the one stretching out his hand and dipping into the dish.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Everyone has a halo, Judas included. That is a surprise. In all the Last Supper paintings we have seen so far, Judas is denied the halo when others are drawn with one.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Peter is seated directly opposite Jesus. That\u2019s another surprise. According to one of the Sisters, this artistic arrangement is very common in their part of the world. But three points captivated our attention and deserve special mention. First, all the disciples are shown with a slight <em>size-reduction<\/em>, out of respect for Christ. Second, Peter, though seated at the direct opposite end of the table to Christ, is placed <em>lower<\/em>, again out of respect for Christ. And third, Peter is placed in that position <em>by Christ<\/em>, to lead the rest, to be at the head of the table after Christ has ascended to heaven but not in Christ\u2019s chair and always of a lower stature.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In place of bread and wine, the symbol of fish is used, its head pointing to Christ. What does the fish symbolise? The Greek word for fish is made up of five Greek letters \u201cI \u2013 x \u2013 th \u2013 u \u2013 s\u201d which is an acronym for Jesus-Christ-God-Son-Saviour. \u201cIxthus\u201d the fish has from the ancient time been a Christian symbol that points to Jesus Christ Son of God the Saviour.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Meditating on the altarpiece, what captured our imagination was the display of the fish instead of the bread and wine. While the familiar bread- and-wine more readily prompts us to think of the Real Presence of Christ, the fish does not. But, in pointing to Jesus, physically here in the painting and acrostically in the word-play, the fish alerts us once again to something deeper. It challenges us to move <em>beyond<\/em> unthinking and over-zealous claims of Real Presence, <em>to <\/em>the remembrance of what Christ has done for us on Calvary, and of what it seriously means to be Christians and a believing community. In memory of Him who died, so that a <em>community of disciples<\/em> would be gathered in His name, this altarpiece reminds us of three things we should never do:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">First, never to be forgetful of Christ\u2019s headship, but remember not to usurp His role. The Risen Christ did not tell Peter to feed and care for Peter&#8217;s sheep and lambs. Three times Jesus Christ the Good Shepherd told Peter to &#8220;feed my lambs, tend my sheep, feed my sheep&#8221; [John 21:15-17]. Conscientious ministers of whatever titles and descriptions find it right here the challenge to meditate on the difference between ownership and accountability.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Second, never in Christian living and ministry plot, connive and manoeuvre for personal profit like Judas, but remember not to sell Christ short.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Third, never to elevate one\u2019s position and status above others in the faith community, but be ever mindful that ministry is service and not domination. &#8220;You know that the rulers of the Gentiles lord it over them, and their great men exercise authority over them. It shall not be so among you&#8221; [Matthew 20:25-26]. Believers of the Eucharistic Lord gather as a community of love, not as a society of rich and poor, or governors and governed, or a hierarchy of dignitaries and insignificant members, or a few with power are to decide while the rest without power are merely to listen. A community of love must be truly characterised by mutual respect and co-responsibility. At their best, these characters do not remain at the level of mere slogans or form parts of a beautiful text that sounds nice for a brief season and then filed away and forgotten, serving only the archival purposes of a convenient record for misleading academic researches.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Finally, meditating on this altarpiece reminds us of practical questions Catholics often ask concerning the Eucharist.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">People ask: Must we receive communion on the tongue? Is it true that it is irreverent to receive communion by hand? Well, nowhere in Scripture does it say that Jesus who ate the Last Supper with his disciples insisted that they should receive the bread on their tongues! He <em>took<\/em> the bread, <em>gave thanks<\/em>, <em>broke<\/em> it, and <em>gave<\/em> it to his disciples, in the same way as he did at the wilderness when he fed the five thousand. He broke the bread and passed it round for distribution. That was that. Besides, ask those old English ladies who wrote to the editor of The Catholic Herald, and you will discover that, at least to them, it is extremely rude to stick out your tongue when the minister says, &#8220;The Body of Christ&#8221;!<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Those who have heard or read about a movement that calls for a return of the old [Tridentine] way of celebrating Mass, where the priest turned his back to the people, have asked what we thought of it. Again, our answer is usually simple and straight forward: read any of the\u00a0Gospel accounts of the Last Supper, or look at any artistic representation of it, and see if you find Jesus, who instituted the Eucharist at the Last Supper, spending the time with his back turned against his followers before turning around and insisting upon them to kneel at the communion rail with their mouths wide open and their tongues stuck out to receive bread-broken-to-be-shared. If the Master didn&#8217;t do it, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><em>why<\/em><\/span> are we insisting otherwise?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Copyright \u00a9 Dr. Jeffrey &amp; Angie Goh, November, 2011. All rights reserved.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">You are most welcome to respond to this post. Email your comments to us at <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">jeffangiegoh@gmail.com<\/span>.<\/strong> You can also be dialogue partners in this <em>Ephphatha Coffee-Corner Ministry<\/em> by sending us questions for discussion.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Reflections on a Pilgrimage to Turkey [10] &#8220;Now at Iconium they entered together into the Jewish synagogue, and so spoke that a great company believed, both of Jews and of Greeks.&#8221; [Acts 14:1] \u00a0\u00a0 [1] St Paul icon. [2]\u00a0St Thecla, the First Female Evangelist, a contemporary of St Paul, and the First Virgin Martyr. [3]\u00a0Grotto <a class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jeffangiegoh.com\/?p=1319\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sfsi_plus_gutenberg_text_before_share":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_show_text_before_share":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_icon_type":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_icon_alignemt":"","sfsi_plus_gutenburg_max_per_row":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"rttpg_featured_image_url":null,"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"Dr. Jeffrey &amp; Angie Goh","author_link":"https:\/\/www.jeffangiegoh.com\/?author=1"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":"<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jeffangiegoh.com\/?cat=1\" rel=\"category\">From Our Perspective<\/a>","rttpg_excerpt":"Reflections on a Pilgrimage to Turkey [10] &#8220;Now at Iconium they entered together into the Jewish synagogue, and so spoke that a great company believed, both of Jews and of Greeks.&#8221; [Acts 14:1] \u00a0\u00a0 [1] St Paul icon. [2]\u00a0St Thecla, the First Female Evangelist, a contemporary of St Paul, and the First Virgin Martyr. [3]\u00a0Grotto&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jeffangiegoh.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1319"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jeffangiegoh.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jeffangiegoh.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jeffangiegoh.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jeffangiegoh.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1319"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/www.jeffangiegoh.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1319\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7047,"href":"https:\/\/www.jeffangiegoh.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1319\/revisions\/7047"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.jeffangiegoh.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1319"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jeffangiegoh.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1319"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.jeffangiegoh.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1319"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}